Personalized Gund
AGRICULTURAN and anthropological Sumbala STUDY OF BLOCK Bandipora DISTRIC Kashmir
STRATEGIC PLAN FOR RESEARCH AND EXTENSION HELP
PARTICIPARTORY COTTAGE
FOR
Tehsil Sumbala SONAWARI (Bandipora)
FROM
19th – 28 June 2008.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sumbala Sonawari is a Tehsil of the district yesterday Bandipora Kashmir district of Baramulla. Sumbala is located at 34,013 'N and 74037' E with an average altitude of 5178 feet (1,578.25 meters) above mean sea level. Bandipora District is having 3 tehsils Viz. Bandiopa, Gurez and Sonawari Sumbala with a total population of 306,511 people who comprise 158,754 men and 147,757 women. Out of the total population of the district Bandipora tehsil Sumbala Sonawari is having population of 149,013 people including 76,411 men and 72,602 women. The district is composed of 53 Bandipora Halqa Panchyat with 200 villages including 12 Halqa Panchayat of 51 villages falling in the block Sumbala Tehsil Sonawari.
The area is surrounded by Bandipora Kupwara in the West, Baramulla in the South, Kargil, Srinagar and Ganderbal in Eastern and Northern Loc. The district has a climate severe cold in winter and a pleasant climate in summer. Each part of the district experience snowfall during the winter. Gurez Road to remain closed during the winter due to snowfall. Average annual rainfall in the district Bandipora has been recorded as 589 mm with about 82 rainy days.
Tehsil Sumbala Sonwari located in southern Bandipora having to learn a varied topography. Plains, karewa, hills and marshlands and water bodies. Such topography makes the area generally subject to flooding and drought conditions. The fertile arable land are especially rich in clay and silt. The River Jehlam and Sindh which cross the region serves as the main source of irrigation. In most places the water is lifted by pumps and distributed by irrigation canals. The high clay content makes the soil loose when wet and hard when dry.
- Women farmers Agricultural and youth were mostly found engaged in the production of handicrafts such as carpet, shawl making, embroidery, etc., and almost every household has been having a carpet-weaving unit.
The people primarily belong to groups low income and are economically backward. The situation becomes even worse because of low productivity, unemployment / underemployment, lack of communication and basic amenities such as education and health. Most people suffer from malnutrition and undernutrition and the group most affected is that of children and women. The risk for health hazards is apprehended because of poor sanitation, unsafe drinking water facilities, etc.
To alleviate poverty in the government sector. Ministries, agencies, institutions, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and allies are working hard to increase production and productivity, generate employment and improve living conditions through their Programs and activities. It is in this context that one of these NGOs namely Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS) approached the University by the Directorate of Extension SREP education for the development and implementation of training needs based on agriculture and related fields. The NGO has been occupied in organizing self-help groups (SHGs) among the women folk of the region for ease of financing micro and Finally, the empowerment of women.
Director Extension Education / SMAETI, Prof. GM Wani appreciatandmediately assembled a team of experts and scientists at the Department to conduct the mission using systematic participatory (PRA) technique of June 19, 2008 to 28th June 2008 in the villages are already identified the IGSSS. All the work has been performed and conducted smoothly in a mission mode approach in the scheduled time due coordination and active participation of experts and NGO staff.
II.METHODOLOGY
To prepare for extension of strategic research plan (SREP) for the area to know Sumbala Sonawari in the Technical Annex desired time PRA was used to collect responses from villagers. This includes using pre-tested interview schedules, meetings of interaction transect walks, methods of participant observation, farm and home visits and discussions etc. in a well planned way June 19, 2008 at 28th June 2008 in selected villages.
The team of delegates to the target composed of scientists / Experts extension of education, agronomy, soil science, plant protection and Olericulture Directorate and Divisions SKUAST-K. The team has also been helped by the state coordinator and supervisors draft IGSSS in the introduction of self-help groups and villagers to Home great and good for the team. The PRA was conducted in a systematic manner by observing the following steps:
Preparation of the interview schedule and use
- After pre-testing and refinement of planning, PRA has been completed successfully.
Building Report
To get an idea brief about the village resources, ecology, the needs of the farming community and opportunities, etc. before making a plan for the PRA team visited the office of the village IGSSS of Inderkot Sumbala Sonawari. Immediately after a meeting of interaction with scientists, managers IGSSS and farmers of the locality especially women SHGs some important information has been collected on the above issues.
This meeting of the interaction has also been useful in determining the work plan in the villages identified for the ARP. In each village, farmers / farm women and youth gathered in the central squares of the villages and were taken to build confidence through informal discussions.
The outcome of the meeting first interaction was as relaxed building rapport in villages identified by the interplay of folk songs, idioms, proverbs and prayers, etc. In some early ideas related to their work routine has been launched and exchanged through which their discussions ultimate diverted to agriculture and allied problems requiring further improvement.
Identification of villages to PRA
The villages identified by the IGSSS were chosen as representative areas to prepare for the SREP and tehsil Sumbala therefore PRA was conducted in them. In this way, the villages for PRA were Inderkot, Ganastan, Gund Ibrahim and Tregam of Sumbala Sonawari tehsil. Since the tehsil fall in temperate agro-climatic zone and all the villages selected situations have almost uniform Agro Eco (AES). The selected villages only differ in the extent of various problems and facilities.
Transect Walks
Each selected village was visited by First Schedule and provide information on the topography, location, natural resources, demography, cropping patterns, vegetation, livestock and allied activities socio-economic changes have been collected by using interview schedule and village transect walks. These walks have been hosted by villagers and they loved to share information and experiences with scientists / experts.
Mappings
At the end of each transect meeting and interaction in the selected villages, farmers have been invited to draw the map of resources in their villages on the drawing sheets. This exercise was very creative and fun for the villagers and than for other participants.
Standings wealth
Wealth ranking was conducted by direct and indirect questioning villagers / farmers on the basis of gross income / Month / household without hurting their feelings. In each village, farmers / villagers were classified as low, medium and farmers group high income. Farmers / villagers were eventually identified as resources and wealth. The number of poor villagers resources exceeds the rich resources in each village.
Existing Farming Systems
- To identify systems operating in each village, namely, the various companies. growth of crops, fruits, vegetables, cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, sericulture and other farming activities and their contribution being followed were analyzed and identified. These systems differ slightly depending on the micro level agro-eco situations.
Gap Analysis
This was done by making comparisons between the recommended packages and current practices by farmers / villagers. The specific reasons for the gaps have been asked and encouraged farmers to propose research and extension strategies to bridge these gaps. While preparing the SREP attention is paid to young farmers and women to create jobs and income by giving training in various agricultural vocations.
III.GENERAL INFORMATION ON SELECTED VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP
Inderkot Village
Inderkot village of Tehsil Sonawari Sumbala covers an area of approximately 150 hectares of land. More 100 hectares are irrigated and the rest as non-irrigated and rainfed. Water is lifted by the Jehlum through irrigation canals by sets of pump. Paddy is grown under water logged conditions and mostly single cropping pattern is followed. Nearly 10 hectares of land has been reported under orchards.
Inderkot consists of seven Patis (villages), namely-Chana Mohalla, Mohalla-Sadat, gunzra-Mohalla, Mohalla-Bana, Munz-Mohalla, Sonabar and Murtazabad. The village is to have 900 households with a population of 5,500 people, 3,000 are men and 2,500 women. Besides agriculture, carpet making is another source of income. Almost every household to have a cow crossbred, 2-3 sheep / goats and poultry Local 5-6.
The village is to have 1 school, 1 primary school, EGS 2, 3 and 3 SSA Anganwari centers. In addition, two support groups (2 groups), namely Karwan – Zainab Himayat and are active in IGSS, focusing on carpet weaving, needlework, spinning pashmina, the cow / goat and vegetables.
The new data analysis revealed the following: —
Groups Income
S. No
Income in Rupees / Month
Income Level Group
No outbreaks
Percentage of Households
1
Up to 6000
Low
342
38.00
2
6001-12000
Middle
522
58.00
3
12,001 & Above
Top
36
04.00
Total
900
100.00
Wealth Ranking
S. No
Category
No outbreaks
Percent Dwellings
1.
At low resource
621
69.00
2
Rich Resources
279
31.00
Total
900
100
Existing farms
S. No
Business
No. Household
Percentage
1
Agriculture
571
63.4
2
Horticulture
7
0.8
3
Olericulture
14
1.5
4
Animal Husbandry
338
37.5
5
Sheep
309
34.2
6
Poultry Keeping
23
2.5
7
Sericulture (nonfarm)
11
1.2
8
Handloom
435
48.3
9
Embroidery
144
16
10
Other
383
42.5
Existing Farming systems
S. No
Existing Farming systems
Number of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Breeding + poultry
310
35
2.
Animal Husbandry + sheep / goat + Horticulture
217
24
3.
Sheep and goats Poultry + Keeping + Agriculture
301
33
3.
+ Handloom Embroidery
72
8.0
Total
900
100
Contribution of various business
S. No
Business Name
No. of Households
% Contribution
1
Agriculture
369
41
2
Sheep Husbandry
171
19
3
Animal Husbandry
108
12
4
Vegetables
27
3
5
Fruits
9
1
6
Poultry Keeping
18
2
7
Sericulture (nonfarm)
198
22
Total
900
100
Gund Ibrahim Village
The village is an area of approximately 160 ha of land of which 120 ha are irrigated and the rest as non-irrigated or rainded. Paddy and maize are grown in Kharif and Rabi Sarson in certain lands. Over 15 hectares of land used for orchards culture and vegetables. The village is about 275 households have a total population of about 2,500 people comprising 1,500 men and 1,000 women. The main sources of irrigation are lift irrigation from Sukhnal, Trazpora Nallah and are also named as Trukulbal.
- The further analysis of the data reveals as under:
Resources
Income Groups
S. No
Income in Rupees / Month
Income Level Group
No outbreaks
Percentage of Households
1
Up to 6000
Low
43
16
2
6001-12000
Middle
215
78
3
12,001 & Above
Top
17
06
Total
275
100
Wealth Ranking
S. No
Category
No outbreaks
Percent Dwellings
1.
At low resource
154
56
2
Rich Resources
121
44
Total
275
100
Existing farms
S. No
Business
No. of Households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
160
58
2
Horticulture
14
5
3
Olericulture
11
4
4
Animal Husbandry
66
24
5
Sheep
83
30
6
Poultry Keeping
28
10
7
Handloom
105
38
8
Embroidery
8
3
9
Services
6
2
Existing Farming systems
S. No
Existing Farming systems
Number of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Breeding + poultry + vegetable
127
46
2.
Sheep and goats Animal + + Agriculture + Livestock Poultry
66
24
3.
Animal Husbandry Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry
49
18
3.
Handloom + embroidery
33
12
Total
275
100
Contribution of various business
S. No
Business Name
No homes
% Contribution
1
Agriculture
111
40
2
Horticulture
3
1
3
Vegetables
2
1
4
Animal Husbandry
50
18
5
Sheep
56
20
6
Poultry Keeping
2
1
7
Sericulture (nonfarm)
7
3
8
Handloom (Carpet)
44
16
Total
275
100
Ganastan Village
Ganastan Sumbala village of Tehsil consists of 5 Paties (villages), namely – Khanpet, Ganastan, Check, and Goonchipora Rukh Mohalla. This 420 households have a total population of 3200 people, on whom 1920 are men and 1,280 women. The village is extended to an area of 400 hectares including 300 hectares are irrigated and 100 acres as non-irrigated and rain. About 100 hectares of land is put under orchard and vegetables. Paddy and maize are grown and Kharief wheat, oats and Sarson grown in Rabi.
The village is supplied with each school, Angan Wari Center, post office, the ECG SSA, cooperative society, Unani dispensary and a center of sheep. The various joint activities The village includes more and more crops, livestock cattle, sheep and goats and the carpet, etc. two SHGs namely Usman and Groups Ummar under IGSSS help Sozni currently work and want to divert for agricultural and other activities with high added value.
Income
S. No
Income in Rupees / Month
Income Level Group
No outbreaks
Percentage of Households
1
Up to 6000
Low
82
19
2
6001-12000
Middle
188
45
3
12001 & Above
Top
150
36
Total
420
100
Wealth Ranking
S. No
Category
No outbreaks
Percent Dwellings
1.
At low resource
305
72
2
Rich Resources
115
28
Total
420
100
Existing Agricultural enterprises
S. No
Business
No. of Households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
294
70
2
Horticulture
23
5
3
Olericulture
288
69
4
Animal Husbandry
198
47
5
Sheep
201
48
6
Poultry Keeping
150
36
7
Sericulture
48
11
8
Handloom
223
53
9
Embroidery
80
19
Existing Farming systems
S. No
Current system of agriculture
No. of Households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Horticulture + vegetables + Animal Husbandry
154
36
2.
Sheep / Goats + Agriculture + sericulture
130
31
3.
Agriculture + Livestock + sheep / goat + Poultry Keeping
104
25
3.
Handloom + embroidery
32
8
Total
420
100
Contribution of various business
S. No
Business Name
No. of Households
% Contribution
1
Agriculture
229
54
2
Horticulture
21
5
3
Olericulture
34
8
4
Animal Husbandry
28
7
5
Sheep
43
10
6
Poultry Keeping
12
3
7
Sericulture
12
3
8
Handloom
38
9
Embroidery
3
1
Total
420
100
Tregam Village
Tregam village of Tehsil Sonawari comprises Paties (helmets) as Odina, Malikpora, Mallapora and Parraypora covers an area of approximately 15 hectares of land including 10 acres are irrigated and rest is not irrigated and rain. The village is to have about 350 households with a total population of 3261 people. The male population Women are reported in 1655 and 1605 respectively. The village has four schools, one SSA and a veterinary center. The water is raised by the motor-pump gauge Kawasoo and Badi Numble.
The cultivable area is put under paddy, maize, vegetables and rajmash in kharief and oats and peas in Rabi. Only 4 hectares of land is under orchards. The herd consists of 250 cattle and 200 sheep and goats. Almost every household is to have 5-7 local poultry. The village is also having a chicken farm.
The two SHGs namely Kirmani Gulshan IGSSS and under are active for various income generating activities like sewing, weaving rugs and goat / sheep rearing etc. These groups are well connected with various development agencies in the region. Further analysis revealed the title:
Groups Income
S. No
Income in Rupees / Month
Income Level Group
No outbreaks
Percentage of Households
1
Up to 6000
Low
60
17
2
6001-12000
Middle
130
37
3
12,001 & Above
Top
160
46
Total
350
100
Wealth Ranking
S. No
Category
No outbreaks
Percent Dwellings
1.
At low resource
220
63
2
Rich Resources
130
37
Total
350
100
Existing Agricultural enterprises
S. No
Business
No. of Households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
220
63
2
Horticulture
55
16
3
Olericulture
58
17
4
Animal Husbandry
38
11
5
Sheep
43
12
6
Poultry Keeping
215
61
7
Sericulture
45
13
8
Handloom
80
23
9
Services
10
3
Existing Farming systems
S. No
Existing Farming systems
Number of households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Horticulture + Vegetables + Poultry Keeping
195
56
2.
Sheep and goats Animal Husbandry + + Agriculture + Poultry Keeping
85
24
3.
Agriculture + Vegetable + silk + Poultry
60
17
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
10
3
Total
350
100
Contribution of various business
S. No
Business Name
No homes
% Contribution
1
Agriculture
148
42
2
Horticulture
8
2
3
Olericulture
22
6
4
Animal Husbandry
32
9
5
Sheep / Goats Husbandry
44
13
6
Poultry Keeping
14
4
7
Sericulture
10
3
8
Handloom
62
18
Services
10
3
Total
350
100
IV. Selected villages Sumbala Sonawari Tehsil at a Glance (Facts & Figures)
N = 46
1
Age (years)
to 20
21-35
36-50
51 And above
Total
No. / age%
2 (4.3)
10 (21.7)
27 (58.7)
7 (15.2)
46 (100)
2
Education
Illiterate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Graduate and above
Total
No. / age%
24 (52.2)
5 (10.9)
9 (19.6)
6 (13.0)
2 (4.3)
46 (100)
3
Family size
members up to 4 (small)
5-8 members (medium0
9 & above (Composite)
No. / age%
2 (4.3)
23 (50)
21 (45.7)
46 (100)
4
Occupation
Farming
Business
Services
More than one
Total
N /% age
18 (39.1)
4 (8.7)
2 (4.3)
22 (47.8)
46 (100)
5
Income (RS) / Month / head
Up to 6000 (Low)
6001-12000 (Medium)
12,001 & Above (High)
Total
N /% age
22 (47.8)
14 (30.5)
10 (21.7)
46 (100)
6
Land Holding (size) in Kanals
Upto 5
5.1-10
10.1-15
15.1 & Above
Landless
Total
N /% age
12 (26.1)
14 (30.4)
11 (23.9)
8 (17.4)
1 (2.2)
46 (100)
7
Information Source (People)
Family member
Relative
Neighbor
Friends
Village Head
Total
N /% age
25 (54.3)
6 (13.0)
6 (13.0)
3 (6.5)
6 (13.0)
46 (100)
(Officers)
VEW
AEO
HDO
NGOs
U. scientists
None
Total
N /% age
14 (30.4)
1 (2.2)
1 (2.2)
9 (19.6)
5 (10.9)
16 (34.8)
46 (100)
(Media)
Radio
TV
Radio & TV
Newspapers
All
None
Total
N /% age
7 (15.2)
7 (15.2)
24 (52.2)
2 (4.3)
5 (10.9)
1 (2.2)
46 (100)
8
Frequency of visits / Offices
Weekly
Fortnightly
Monthly
Seasonally
Never
Total
Dev. Department.
1 (2.2)
3 (6.5)
3 (6.5)
8 (17.4)
31 (67.4)
46 (100)
ATIC
—
—
2 (4.3)
4 (8.7)
40 (87.0)
46 (100)
KVK
—
—
—
1 (2.2)
45 (97.8)
46 (100)
Search Stn.
—
—
—
2 (4.3)
44 (95.7)
46 (100)
Univ. HQ
—
—
—
10 (21.7)
36 (78.3)
46 (100)
9
Adoption of Technology
Paddy cultivation
Variety
Local
Improvement
Last
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
21 (45.7)
13 (28.3)
7 (15.2)
5 (10.9)
46 (100)
Seed Rate (Kg / Kanal)
Up to 3
3.1 to 4
4.1 & Above
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
5 (10.9)
5 (10.9)
31 (67.4)
5 (10.9)
46 (100)
Plants / Hill
5-8
Over 8
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
22 (47.8)
19 (41.3)
5 (10.9)
46 (100)
Fertilizer Application
Full NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
12 (26.1)
26 (56.5)
3 (6.5)
5 (10.9)
46 (100)
Plant Protection
Using Weedicides
The use of fungicides and insecticides
The use of more than one
No Chemicals
Not Applicable
Total
No / $ age
15 (32.6)
1 (2.2)
1 (2.2)
24 (52.2)
5 (10.9)
46 (100)
Yield / Kanal (Qtls.)
Upto 2
2.1-3.5
Over 3.5
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
9 (19.6)
18 (39.1)
14 (30.4)
5 (10.9)
46 (100)
Problems
Entry Access
Know-how
Natural Proneness
All types of problems
No problems
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
13 (28.3)
8 (17.4)
3 (6.5)
14 (30.4)
3 (6.5)
5 (10.9)
46 (100)
10
Corn Crop
Variety
Local
Improvement
Last
None
Total
N /% age
9 (19.6)
3 (6.5)
2 (4.3)
32 (69.6)
46 (100)
Seed Rate Kgs / Kanal
Up 1.5
1.6-3.0
Over 3
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
3 (6.5)
6 (13.0)
5 (10.9)
32 (69.6)
46 (100)
Fertilizer Application
Full NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
1 (2.2)
5 (10.9)
8 (17.4)
32 (69.6)
46 (100)
Plant Protection
Application of insecticide, etc.
Non-application of any chemical
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
1 (2.2)
13 (28.3)
32 (69.6)
46 (100)
Yield / Kanal (Qtls.)
Up to 1
1.1-2.0
Over 2
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
5 (10.9)
6 (13.0)
3 (6.5)
32 (69.6)
46 (100)
Problems
Entry Access
Know-how
Natural Proneness
No problems
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
3 (6.5)
3 (6.5)
4 (8.7)
4 (8.7)
32 (60.6)
46 (100)
11
Rabi crop plants
Sarson / Mustard
Oats
Wheat
More than one
No crop
Total
N /% age
2 (4.3)
5 (10.9)
2 (4.3)
9 (19.6)
28 (60.9)
46 (100)
12
Kharif Vegetables grown
More than one
None
Total
N /% age
39 (84.8)
7 (15.2)
46 (100)
13
Rabi Vegetables grown
More a
None
Total
N /% age
35 (76.1)
11 (23.9)
46 (100)
14
Vegetables Problems
Entry Access
Know-how
All Types
None
Total
N /% age
5 (10.9)
16 (34.8)
13 (28.3)
12 (26.1)
46 (100)
15
Fruit Orchard
Apple
Walnut
Mixed
None
Total
N /% age
11 (23.9)
2 (4.3)
2 (4.3)
31 (67.4)
46 (100)
16
Apple Varieties
Local
Commercial
Mixed
None
Total
N /% age
1 (2.2)
10 (21.7)
2 (4.3)
33 (71.7)
46 (100)
Orchard age (years)
upto-5 (New)
5.1-15 (Young)
15.1-30 & More (Old)
None
Total
N /% age
6 (13.0)
5 (10.9)
2 (4.3)
33 (71.7)
46 (100)
Training & Pruning
Yes
No
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
7 (15.2)
6 ((13.0)
33 (71.7)
46 (100)
Fertilizer Applications
Full NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
2 (4.3)
7 (15.2)
4 (8.7)
33 (71.7)
46 (100)
Apple Problems
Pollination
Diseases / Pests
Fertilizer application
More Problems
Not Applicable
Total
N /% age
1 (2.2)
8 (17.4)
1 (2.2)
3 (6.5)
33 (71.7)
46 (100)
17
Cattle Breeding race
Local
Crossbred
Two (L & C)
None
Total
N /% age
13 (28.3)
18 (39.1)
2 (4.3)
13 (28.3)
46 (100)
Non Household
None
Upto 2
Over 2
Total
N /% age
13 (28.3)
29 (63.0)
4 (8.7)
46 (100)
Milk Yield / H / P (l)
Upto 4 (Low)
4.1 to 8.0 (average)
8.1 to 15.0 (High)
Nil
Total
N /% age
9 (19.6)
17 (37.0)
5 (10.9)
15 (32.6)
46 (100)
Cattle Problem
Food
Diseases
Vet.Facilities
None
Total
N /% age
3 (6.5)
25 (54.3)
3 (6.5)
15 (32.6)
46 (100)
18
Sheep / Goat farming breed
Local / Improvement
None
Total
N /% age
11 (23.9)
35 (76.1)
46 (100)
Non Household
None
Upto – 2
3 to 6
Over 6
Total
N /% age
35 (76.1)
5 (10.9)
2 (4.3)
4 (8.7)
46 (100)
Sheep / Goats Problem
Diseases
None
Total
N /% age
11 (23.9)
35 (76.1)
46 (100)
19
Keeping Poultry Breed
Local
Improvement
None
Total
N /% age
36 (78.3)
1 (2.2)
9 (19.6)
46 (100)
Birds Household
None
Upto-2
3-6
Over 6
Total
N /% age
10 (21.7)
3 (6.5)
11 (23.9)
22 (47.8)
46 (100)
Poultry Problems
Food
Accommodation
Diseases
None
Total
N /% age
1 (2.2)
1 (2.2)
27 (58.7)
17 (37.0)
46 (100)
IV. Gap analysis and proposed extension training strategy / action plan for the village representative Sumbala Sonawari Tehsil
S. No
Company / Point Package
Current situation / problem
Village-wise status of the situation / problem
Recommended program / action plan for Sumbala area Sonawari
Inderkot
Gundibrahim
Ganastan
Tregam
A. Agriculture (crops)
1
Paddy cultivation
Growing paddy mostly in waterlogged conditions
Severe saturated conditions
Under waterlogged
Mild waterlogged
Severe waterlogged
Introduction of technology for rice cultivation in the waterlogged area through research and demonstration.
More use of local cultivars and old paddy (Nikchina, Safed China, Roos, China 1007, etc.)
More than a third of cultivated land in local varieties and traditional
Half the size of varieties local and traditional
A third area of local varieties and traditional
Three fourth area under local and traditional Variety
Replacement of rice varieties with improved and new varieties such as China 1039, K39, Jehlum and Shalimar 1 of rice through the program FLD and village development concept of seed
Paddy area naturally prone waterlogging stress conditions
Due to defective system of water distribution and irregular
Due to system defective water distribution and irregular
Because of faulty and irregular distribution of water system
Due to defective system of water distribution and irregular
Equitable and just distribution of water requires the introduction technology of water harvesting and several stations for lifting water and canals
Use higher rates high seed (over 60-80 kg / ha)
Two thirds of farmers who use a higher seed than the recommended amount
Over two thirds of farmers using a higher seed than the recommended amount
Nearly two thirds of the farmer who uses a higher seed than the recommended amount
Half of the farmers using seed rates higher than recommended
Programs awareness training may be useful to reduce the rate of seed through improved nursery management
Using the method of transplanting seedlings per hill more (Above 8 seedlings per hole)
Over one third of farmers borrowing above 8 plants per hill
Less than one third use more than 8 plants per hill
A third use more than 8 seedlings per hill
Two thirds farmers using more than 8 seedlings per hill
Mortality of seedlings should be reduced by using improved seeds, seed treatment and method the taking of plants with the ball of mud.
Fertilizers (Application Using NPK)
Nearly half Farmers using all three are using fertilizers or FN N only
More than three quarters using partial ie application NP or N only
Nearly two thirds of farmers using partial application ie NP or N only
Half of the farmers using ie the partial NP or N only
Cum awareness demonstration on the use of improved seeds and fertilizers balanced OFT and FLD with programs
Plant protection measures
More than half of the farmer who uses weedicide and only five percent use of insecticides / fungicides
Over 15% of farmers using only weedicide
A quarter of Farmers using weedicide and more than 8% use fungicides
None of these farmers, by any measure of plant protection
Conduct training programs related to the fight against weeds, management of furnaces and grasshoppers paddy.
Yield
Nearly half the farmers harvest 2.1 to 3.5 q / kanal
Less than half of the crop to farmers from 2.1 to 3.5 q / Kanal
Two thirds of farmers harvested 2.1 to 3.5 q / kanal
Only one quarter of the crop to farmers from 2.1 to 3.5 q / kanal
Yields per kanal can be increased through the demonstration of the scientific culture of rice under water logged conditions in each village.
2
Maize
Local varieties grown under rainfed conditions as fodder for livestock or mixed with Rajmash
A quarter of farmers growing maize under rainfed
Two thirds of farmers cultivate maize grown under rainfed conditions
Less than one quarter of farmers growing maize under rainfed
A quarter of the farmers cultivate maize grown under rainfed conditions
High performance (for grain and fodder) and varieties with low need water should be popularized through demonstrations and training programs
Methods of planting and seeding
A quarter of farmers grow maize under rainfed conditions and using seed rate of 1.6 to 3 kg / kanal
Two thirds of farmers cultivate maize grown under rainfed conditions and the use of seed rate of 1.6 to 3 kg / kanal
Less than one quarter of farmers cultivating maize grown under rainfed conditions and the use of seeding rate of 1.6 to 3 kg / kanal
A quarter of farmers grow corn rainfed conditions and using seed rate of 1.6 to 3 kg / kanal
FLD program on corn may be conducted in each village. Emphasis is given on the seeding rate recommended
Application of fertilizer (NPK fertilizer use)
None the farmer who uses fertilizer
None of the farmers using any fertilizer
Few farmers (8%) using fertilizer
None of the farmer who uses fertilizer
Awareness should be created to implement the recommended dose fertilizer through FLDS
Plant protection measures
Although the problem of stem borer and blight of leaf sheath reported, but none of phytosanitary measures
Although problem borer and sheath blight leaf reported, but no of phytosanitary measures
Although the problem of stem borer and sheath blight leaf reported, but none of the plant protection measures
Although the problem of stem borer and sheath blight leaf reported, but none of phytosanitary measures
Integrated The pest on corn may be introduced.
Yield
Maize is generally grown However, forage grain yield by 50 kg to 2 q / Kanal is reported
Maize is usually grown for fodder but yield grain 50 kg to 2 q / Kanal is reported
Maize is usually grown for fodder but the grain yield by 50 kg to 2 q / Kanal is reported
Maize is usually grown for fodder but the grain yield by 50 kg to 2 q / Kanal is reported
Technologies related to the encouragement of farmers Getting double advantage may be demonstrated in each village
3
Rabi Crops
Mustard, oats and wheat
Two thirds of farmers taking no rabi crop, but still third in oats and wheat for forage.
Half of the farmers in taking no rabi crop, yet remaining one third to mustard (oilseed) and wheat for forage.
More than half of farmers taking no rabi crop, yet remaining one third oats and wheat for forage.
Two thirds of farmers not taking any Rabi crop, remains third in taking wheat for fodder.
Technology to collect double cropping may be demonstrated and the improvement / new forage / Seed should be provided for cultivation
4
Model of general
Unique culture system (monoculture) mostly followed
In kharief especially paddy is grown in rabi while the fields are waterlogged water and remains colleagues
In kharief especially paddy is grown in rabi while the fields are waterlogged and remains colleagues
In kharief especially paddy is grown in rabi while the fields are waterlogged and remains male
In kharief especially paddy is cultivated while in rabi fields are waterlogged and remains colleagues
Technology to collect double cropping may be demonstrated and improved / New fodder crops / seeds must be provided for cultivation
B. Vegetables
1
Kharief vegetables
Growing almost all types of vegetables home consumption only (Cole, Solanaeceous, cucurbits and other vegetables).
Two thirds growing vegetables for household use (gardening Kitchen)
Almost all the vegetables grown for home use (Kitchen Garden)
Almost all grow vegetables for household (Kitchen Garden)
Over two thirds of the cultivation of vegetables for domestic use (Kitchen Garden)
Almost all farmers have their own gardens. Giving lessons on the vegetable garden to supply fresh, balanced and regular vegetables for domestic consumption are of paramount importance especially for rural women
Entry availability of seeds (, fertilizers, etc.)
Fair enough
Insufficient
Fair enough
Adequate
The Self-help groups in villages may take the challenge of availability of inputs and facilitate community
Insect pest problems and diseases (Cut worms, borers, aphids, wilt and blight, etc.)
Nearly half of farmers / producers against insect pests and disease problems
Half of the farmers / producers against insect, pest and disease problems
More than three quarters farmers / producers against insect, pest and disease problems
Almost all farmers / producers against insect pests and disease problems
Vegetables, pests and diseases (such as cutworms, borers and bacterial wilt and pepper, pepper, tomato and brinjal) pose a serious threat and is considering conducting training programs in IPM / courses for farmers and youth. Seed treatment and planting may be popularized.
Latest Polyhouse technology, seed production, off-season, post-harvest technology of vegetable production for commercial purposes.
Unknown to the farmers but particularly interested in training
Unknown to the farmers but particularly interested by training
Unknown to the farmers but particularly interested in training
Unknown to the farmers but particularly interested in training
Training program related to fruiting in cucurbits by pollination methods for women and young farmers. Related marketing training and seed production of vegetables for young farmers and women. Training on post harvest management of farm and of youth support groups should lead to the emancipation of women
2
Rabi Vegetables
Growing greens, root vegetables, peas, etc. on a limited scale due to drainage
More than half Farmers growing rabi vegetables in their gardens
Almost two thirds of farmers grow vegetables in their kitchen gardens rabi
All farmers who grow rabi vegetables in their gardens
Over two thirds of farmers grow vegetables in their kitchen gardens rabi
Awareness cum Training Program on the scientific culture of Rabi crop in the region for women is especially folk of great importance
Entries and latest technical know-how
More than a third of farmers face the problem of inputs and technical know-how
Less than a quarter of the problem facing farmers to inputs and technical know-how
A quarter farmers face the problem of inputs and technical know-how
More than half of the problem facing farmers to inputs and technical know-how
Vegetables with a higher demand for water (water loving vegetables) are popularized. Training programs for production seed and postharvest technology should be introduced
C. Horticulture
B
Arboriculture (apples, pears, nuts, etc.)
Fruit growth is limited at higher altitudes, land and land recently karewa land fill. Somewhat poorly managed orchards and facing disease problems insect pests (root rot, crown rot, scab, alterneria etc.), pollination, fruit set, fruit drop, pruning, etc. False In orchards of apples and pears. Insects, pests and disease problem walnut (walnut weevil, stem borer, etc.
More a third Apple progressing
A third apple and walnut growing equally
A quarter increased almost all types of temperate fruits
More third growing all kinds of fruit
Since the fruit growing is not common, but apple trees pear and walnut orchards in some have been mismanaged in the absence of proper technical know-how. To improve horticulture in the region, intensive training is needed in the presentation of the orchard management, IPM, pruning and training, methods of plant propagation etc. for young farmers to develop skills in growing fruits and create jobs.
D. Livestock
1
Cattle (cows and draft animals)
Lack of know-how and Veterinary Facilities regarding improvement of the race and give milk
Three-quarters of farmers rearing cattle produces mainly 4 liters of milk per day per head. Nearly half the population of crossbred cattle
Three-quarters of farmers rearing livestock producing mostly to 4 liters of milk per day per head. A quarter of the population of crossbred cattle
More than three quarters of farmers rearing livestock producing mainly 4 liters of milk per day per head. Half the population of crossbred cattle
More than a third of farmers rearing cattle produces mainly 4 to 8 liters of milk per day per head. A fourth cattle breeding population
Livestock livestock in the area is prominent and nearly three fourth households keep one or two cattle producing milk even up to 15 liters in some cases per day. Training Program on Stock Enhancement (improvement of the breed) with synchronization and AI programs.
Dosage and vaccination, cattle diseases such as FMD, mastitis, ectoparasites and endo parasites, rinderpest, etc.
More than half reported that farmers livestock diseases as main problem
Less than a fourth of farmers reported livestock diseases as the main problem
Nearly one third said the farmers of livestock diseases as main problem
Negligible percentage of farmers reported livestock diseases as main problem
Training program on treatment and vaccination and dosing cons of diseases such as FMD, mastitis and endo ecto parasites (Worms, ticks and mites), etc.
Feeding cattle
A third of farmers reported shortages animal fodder for cattle
None of the farmers reported fodder shortages feed for cattle
Almost two thirds of farmers reported forage / feed shortages for cattle
None Farmers have reported shortages animal fodder for cattle
Training program on preparation and use of balance livestock rations. Introduction and fodder growing new sector
Willing development of a local dairy Name
None of the farmers about the business unit
None of the farmers about the business unit
None of the farmer about the business unit
None of the farmers about the business unit
After production plant breeding is an important activity in the area and needs to be organized by developing units dairy cooperatives and the collection and distribution of milk.
2
Sheep / livestock goat
Many goats and sheep of local breed Cross needs improving race
A fifth of farmers breeding Goat and sheep numbers to 6 or more per head
Half of the farmers rearing of goats and sheep to 6 numbers or more per head
Less than one fifth of farmers raising goats and sheep up to 6 numbers or more per head
Less than half of farmers raising goats and sheep numbers to 6 or more per head
Nearly one quarter of the livestock farmers of the goat / sheep in the region up to six numbers or more per household. Thus, the promotion of sheep or activity raising goats as a viable unit for young unemployed / operation can be popularized.
Dosage and vaccination
Diseases such as FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
Diseases such as FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
Diseases such as fever disease, Mangitits, foot rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
Diseases such as FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
Sheep goat units / care in the villages to be established. Training program on immunization and treatment and the dosage cons diseases in the region
Development of sheep and goat unit
None of the farmer about the business unit
None of the farmers about the business unit
None of the farmers know about the unit Commercial
None of the farmer about the business unit
Promotion of sheep and goats on the activity establishment of sheep and goats unit for employment and income generation for rural youth and women.
3
Poultry
Bird only a few units per household for domestic purposes
Three quarter of the farmers 3 to 6 birds per household premises
Less than three quarters of farmers 3 at 6 birds per household premises
More than three quarters of farmers 3 of 6 birds at local household
More than three quarters of farmers safeguard 3 at 6 birds per household premises
Introduction poultry backyard with new or improved breeds (Vonraja) for commercial purposes by women SHGs in the region may be encouraged.
More bird deaths due to diseases of poultry (Cocidiosis, Ranikhet etc.)
One half of the farmers face the problem of poultry diseases
Half of the farmers face the problem of poultry diseases
Half of the farmers about the disease problem in poultry
All farmers face a problem of disease in poultry keeping
Organization of training programs for scientists keeping poultry and control of diseases like Ranikhet, etc. Cocidiosis
E. Allied Activities
Crafts
Prominent in the work of craft
About the Author
COMMENTS INVITED
myrayam and sarah and mamoon
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